Grammar - Change the Voice

Change the voice

 

Active Voice -    He writes a letter.

Passive Voice – A Letter is written by him.

 

Rules for changing active voice to passive voice --

•   Find out the subject, object and tense of the sentence.
•     Interchange the subject and object.
•    Use appropriate auxiliary verb of ‘to be or to have’ according to new       subject and tense.
•   After auxiliary use past participle of main verb.
•   Write the subject of given sentence after ‘by’.
•    If subject of given sentence is a pronoun, change it in passive sentence 
•     If the object in the given sentence is a pronoun then in the passive voice it turns into nominative case.`1

      e.g. I call him.

     Ans- He is called by me.

 

• Ø The changes we should be made in auxiliary and main verbs in passive voice –

Sr. No.	Active voice	Passive Voice
1	Simple Present tense	Am, is, are + P.P of main verb
2	Simple past tense	Was, were + P.P. of main verb
3	Simple future tense	Will be, shall be + P.P. of main verb
4	Present continuous tense	Am, is, are + being + P.P. of main verb
5	Past continuous tense	Was, were + being + P.P. of main verb
6	Present perfect tense	Have, has + been + P.P. of main verb
7	Past perfect tense	Had + been + P.P. of main verb
8	Future perfect tense	Will, shall + have + been + P.P. of main verb
9	Modal auxiliary	Modal auxiliary + be + P.P. of main verb

 

• Changes should be made in Pronouns in the passive voice 

Sr.No.	Active voice	Passive voice
1	I	(by) me
2	We	(by) us
3	You	(by) you
4	He	(by) him
5	She	(by) her
6	It	(by) it
7	They	(by) them
8	Gopal	(by) Gopal

(A) Simple Tense-

1) Simple present tense –

Form – Obj + am, is, are + p.p.of main V + by + Sub.

e.g.

1) He plays cricket.

Ans- Cricket is played by him.

2) They write a letter.

Ans-  A letter is written by them.

3) He narrates the whole story.

Ans.- The whole story is narrated by him.

4) The ravaging flood damages all.

Ans.- All are damaged by the ravaging flood.

5) It fills a global knowledge gap.

Ans.- A global knowledge gap is filled by it.

 

2) Simple past tense-

Form – Obj + was, were + p.p.of main V + by + Sub

e.g.

1) He played cricket.

Ans- Cricket was played by him.

2) They wrote a letter.

Ans- A letter was written by them.

3) The government forced him.

Ans.- He was forced by the government.

4) They arrested him on the charge of committing a theft.

Ans.- He was arrested on the charge of committing a theft by them.

5) Cars and buses polluted the air.

Ans.- The air was polluted by cars and buses.

 

3) Simple future tense-

Form – Obj + will be, shall be + p.p.of main V + by + Sub

e.g.

1) He will play cricket.

Ans- Cricket will be played by him.

2) They will write a letter.

Ans- A letter will be written by them.

3) He will bring a cup of coffee.

Ans.- a cup of coffee will be brought by him.

4) The passenger will collect the amount.

Ans.- The amount shall be collected by the passenger.

5) She will draw a picture.

Ans.- A picture will be drawn by her.

B) Continuous tense-

1) Present continuous tense-

Form – Obj + am, is, are + being + p.p.of main V + by + Sub

e.g.

1) He is playing cricket.

Ans- Cricket is being played by him.

2) They are writing a letter.

Ans- A letter is being written by them.

3) She is drinking a glass of milk.

Ans.- A glass of milk is being drunk by her.

4) Ram is going to speak some words.

Ans.- Some words are being spoken by Ram.

5) They are educating 250 students.

Ans. – 250 students are being educated by them.

 

 

2) Past continuous tense-

Form – Obj + was, were + being + p.p.of main V + by + Sub

e.g.

1) He was playing cricket.

Ans- Cricket was being played by him.

2) They were writing a letter.

Ans- A letter was being written by them.

3) They were cutting the trees.

Ans.- The trees were being cut by them.

4) We were protecting our environment.

Ans.- Our environment was being protected by us.

5) Amitabh was making a good film.

Ans.- A good film was being made by Amitabh.

 

C) Perfect tense-

1) Present perfect tense-

Form – Obj + have, has + been + p.p.of main V + by + Sub

e.g.

1) He has played cricket.

Ans- Cricket has been played by him.

2) They have written a letter.

Ans- A letter has been written by them.

3) They have made the good presentation.

Ans.- The good presentation of has been made by them.

4) The government has managed the strike.

Ans.- The strike has been managed by the government.

5) I have developed this new material.

Ans.- This new material has been developed by me.

 

2) Past perfect tense-

Form – Obj + had + been + p.p.of main V + by +  Sub

e.g.

1) He had played cricket.

Ans- Cricket had been played by him.

2) They had written a letter.

Ans- A letter had been written by them.

3) The company had created the vaccine.

Ans.- The vaccine had been created by the company.

4) SEVA had made a bold plan.

Ans.- A bold plan had been made by SEVA.

5) They had given an opportunity.

Ans.- An opportunity had been given by them

 

3) Future perfect tense-

Form – Obj + will, shall + have + been + p.p.of main V + by + Sub

e.g.

1) He will have played cricket.

Ans- Cricket will have been played by him.

2) They will have written a letter.

Ans- A letter will have been written by them.

 

3) This will have encouraged many young boys.

Ans.- Many young boys will have been encouraged by this.

4) She will have left the village.

Ans.- The village will have been left by her.

5) The airlines will have trained the cabin crew.

Ans.- The cabin crew will have been trained by the airlines.

 

D) Modal Auxiliary-

Can, could, should, must, may, ought to, would, might, will, shall etc.

Form- Obj + modal auxiliary + be + p.p. of main V + by + Sub

e.g.

1) He can play cricket.

Ans- Cricket can be played by him.

2) We should carry the load.

Ans- The load should be carried by us.

3) You should cut the vegetables into large pieces.

Ans.- The vegetables should be cut into large pieces by you.

4) He can donate money.

Ans. – Money can be donated by him.

5) You must attend the lectures.

Ans.- The lectures must be attended by you.

 

G) Direct object and indirect object-

    (a) Direct object gets when we ask question ‘What’ to the verb.

    (b) Indirect object gets when we ask question ‘Whom’ to the verb.

Form-

      D.O. + Auxiliary verb + P.P.of Main V + to + I.O. + by + Sub.

      I.O. + Auxiliary verb + P.P.of Main V + D.O. + by + Sub.

e.g.

1) They tell us a story.

Ans- A story is told to us by them.

Ans- We are told a story by them.

2) Rani gave me a book.

Ans- A book was given to me by Rani.

Ans- I was given a book by Rani.

3) The prince gave her a bag of seed.

Ans- She was given a bag of seed by the prince.

Ans- A bag of seed was given to her by the prince.

4) The clerk brings her an ordinary exercise book.

Ans- An ordinary exercise book is brought to her by the clerk.

Ans- She is brought an ordinary exercise book by the clerk.

5) He sends me a message.

Ans- A message is sent to me by him.

Ans- I am sent a message by him.

6) They are making her a fool.

Ans- A fool is being made to her by them.

Ans- She is being made her by them.

7) Raju has described her the incident.

Ans- The incident has been described to her by Raju.

Ans- She has been described the incident by Raju.

8) I pay them one rupee.

Ans- One rupee is paid to them by me.

Ans- They are paid one rupee by me.

 

H) Sentence having request/ order without object.

Form- You are requested to + V + Obj.

e.g.

1) Come here.

Ans- You are requested to come here.

2) Please come in.

Ans- You are requested to come in.

3) Sit down.

Ans- You are ordered to sit down.

4)

I) Impertive Sentences-

Form- Let + Obj. + be + P.P. of V.

e.g.

1) Attack the enemy.

Ans- Let the enemy be attacked

2) Kill him.

Ans- Let him be killed.

3) Salute the flag.

Ans- Let the flag be saluted.

4) Open the door.

Ans- Let the door be opened.

    5)  Close the window.

  Ans- Let the window be closed.

 

J) Sentence beginning with ‘Let’- 

From- Let + Obj + P.P.of Main V + by + pronoun.

e.g.

1) Let me count the money.

Ans- Let the money be counted by me.

2) Let us arrange a picnic.

Ans- Let a picnic be arranged by us.

3) Let us reward our employees.

Ans.- Let our employees be rewarded by us.

4) Let them bring the news

Ans- Let the news be brought by them.

5) Let a supreme court advocate handle this case.

Ans.- Let this case be handled by a supreme court advocate.

 

K) Interrogative sentences- 

     Rules-

      1)   For question of ‘Who’, write ‘By whom’ in passive question.

      2)   For question of ‘whom’ write ‘who’ in passive question.

    

      3)   For questions of ‘what, when, where, why, how, use the same

     words to begin the passive question.

      4)    For questions of ‘Do and Does’, use ‘am, is, are’ in passive

     question and for question of ‘Did’, use ‘was, were’.

 

    5)   Remove wh- world. Make the given question as assertive  

    sentence. Change its voice.

 

    6)   Interchange subject and auxiliary verb. Write wh- word in the   

    beginning.

 

 

 

e.g.

1) Who killed the snake?

Ans- By whom was the snake killed?

2) Who carry the box?

Ans- By whom is the box carried?

3) Where did you keep my pen?

Ans- Where was my pen kept by you?

4) Why did he tell me?

Ans- Why was I told by him?

5) When will they call him?

Ans- When will he be called by them?

6) Why have you disturbed her?

Ans- Why she has been disturbed by you?

7) Whom I saw yesterday?

Ans.- Who was seen yesterday by me?

8) Why did you keep that book on the table?

Ans. – Why was that book kept on the table by you?

 

Yes /No type questions -

1) Does he want my exercise book?

Ans- Is my exercise book wanted by you?

2) Did he call all the officers?

Ans- Were all officers called by him?

3) Has Seeta written the letter?

Ans- Has the letter been written by Seeta?

4) Are you singing a poem?

Ans- Is a poem being sung by you?

5) Will they cook our food?

Ans- Will our food be cooked by them?

6)  Can she draw a picture?

Ans.- Can a picture be drawn by her?

 

# Changing passive voice to active voice-

Rules-

1) Interchange the subject and object. 

  

2) If ‘by + subject’ is not given, take any suitable ‘noun or

    pronoun’ as subject.

   

3) According to the auxiliary verb decide the tense of the

     sentence.

    e.g. is- present tense, was- past tense, been – perfect tense,

    being- continuous tense.

4) Remove by, be, been, being from the sentence.

 

5) Remove auxiliary verb in simple tense sentences if necessary.  

   

e.g.

1) Cricket is played by him.

Ans- He play cricket.

2) She is called by me.

Ans- I call her.

3) They called me.

Ans- I was killed by them.

4) Cats were killed by her.

Ans- She called cats.

5) A letter will be written by him.

Ans- He will write a letter.

6) A ball is being caught by Raju

Ans- Raju is catching a ball.

7) They were being called by her.

Ans- She was calling them.

8) A poem has been written by me.

Ans- I have written a poem.

9) Heavy load has been carried by her.

Ans-She has carried heavy load.

10) A letter can be written by her.

Ans- She can write a letter.

11) News must be brought by them.

Ans- They must bring news.

12) The jeep was parked in our house.

Ans- They parked the jeep in our house.