4.1. History of Novel

 4.1 History of Novel

Short Notes for objective type of questions

1. The word NOVEL is derived from the Italian word NOVELLA which means NEW.

2. A novel is relatively long narrative fiction which describes intimate human experiences.

3. The novel has a history of about two thousand years.

4. Murasaki Shikubi's "Tale of Genji" (1010) has been considered as the world's first novel.

5. The European novel is often said to begin with 'Don Quixote' by Spanish writer Miguel de Cervantes which was published in two parts between 1605 and 1615.

6. After 1740, novel originated as the literary form in England.

7.Novella - originated from Italian word 'Novelle' .

8. Novella - shorter than novel and longer than short stories.

9.  9. Important Novella are -

a)   a) The Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad

b    b) The Turn of the Screw by Henry James

      c) Billy Budd by Hermann Melville

      d) Death in Venice by Thomas Mann

       e) Seize The Day by Saul Bellow

       f) Pearl by John Steinbeck 

      

Writer	Novel	Related information
Virgil	Ecologues
Malory	Morte De Arthur
Geoffrey Chaucer	The Canterbury Tales
Murasaki Shikibu	Tale of Genji (1010)	World's first novel
Miguel de Cervantes	Don Quixote (1605&1615)	European first novel
John Bunyan	The Pilgrims Progress	1678
Aphra Behn	Oroonoku	1688
Daniel Defoe	Robinson Crusoe, Mall Flanders
Jonathan Swift	Gulliver’s Travels	Famous satire
Samuel Richardson	Pamela, Virtue Rewarded and Clarissa	Epistolary novels, 18 th century novelists
Henry Fielding, Lawrence Sterne, Tobias Smollett		18 th century novelists
Charles Dickens, Walter Scott, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Horace Walpole, Thomas hardy, Willkie Collins and H.G. Wells		18 th century novelists
E.M.  Forster, James Joyce, Joseph Conrad, Henry James, George   Orwell,   Graham   Greene,   D.H. Lawrence,  William  Golding  and Anthony Burgess.		20th century novelists
Salman Rushdie (India), V.S. Naipaul (Trinidad), Kazuo Ishigura (Japan)		Immigrant authors of 20th century
Women Novelists
Frances Burney	Evelina	Novel of manners
Ann Radcliffe		Gothic novels
Mary Shelley	Frankenstein	Science fiction
Jane Austen		Ruling over the minds of people
Bronte sisters Emily	The wuthering Heights
Charlotte	Jane eyre
Mary Ann Evans alias George Eliot		Wrote psychological novels
Virginia Woolf		Pioneer of the Stream of consciousness technique of English novel
Agatha Christie	Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple	Wrote novels on crime
Harper Lee, , Margaret Atwood, Toni Morrison and Alice Walker		Other women novelists
Indian Scenario
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya	Rajmohan’s Wife	First novel in English written by an Indian
Mulkraj Anand, R.K. Narayan and Raja Rao		Major Indian novelists
Anita Desai,  Nayantara  Sahgal  and Arun  Joshi and   Manohar   Malgaonkar Amitav  Ghosh,  Vikram  Seth and   Upamanyu   Chatterjee Salman   Rushsie,   Arvind Adiga,  Arundhati  Roy,  Kiran  Desai  and Kiran  Nagarkar		Other important Indian novelists

Activity sheet - 1

 Activity Sheet - 1

Q.1) Read the following extract and complete the activities given below.                  12 M

                At  a  corner  of  Sixth  Avenue  electric  lights  and cunningly  displayed  wares  behind  plateglass  made  a shop window attractive. Soapy took a stone and dashed it  through  the  glass.  People  came  running  round  the coner,  a  policeman  in  the  lead.  Soapy  stood  still  with his hands in his pockets, and smiled at the sight of brass buttons.

“Where’s  the  man  that  done  that?”  inquired  the officer agitatedly.

        “Don’t  you  think  that  I  might  have  had  something to do with it?” said Soapy, with a friendly voice, as one greets good fortune.

The  policeman  refused  to  accept  Soapy  even  as a  clue.  Men  who  smash  windows  do  not  remain  to chat  with  the  police.  They  take  to  their  heels.  The policeman saw a man half-way down the block running to catch a car. With drawn club he joined in the pursuit. Soapy,  with  disgust  in  his  heart,  drifted  along,  twice unsuccessful.

On  the  opposite  side  of  the  street  was  a  restaurant of  no  great  pretensions.  It  catered  to  large  appetites and  modest  purses.  Its  crockery  and  atmosphere  were thick;  its  soup  and  napery  thin.  Into  this  place  Soapy betook himself without challenge. At a table he sat and consumed beefsteak, flapjacks, doughnuts and pie. And then he told the waiter the fact that the minutest coin and himself were total strangers.

“Now, get busy and call a cop”, said Soapy. “And don’t keep a gentleman waiting.”

“No cop for you,” said the waiter, with a voice like butter cakes and an eye like the cherry in the Manhattan cocktail. “Hey, Con!”

Neatly  upon  his  left  ear  on  the  callous  pavement two  waiters  pitched  Soapy. He arose,  joint by joint, as a acarpenter’s rule opens, and dusted his clothes. Arrest seemed  now  but  an  elusive  dream.  The  island  seemed very far away. A policeman who stood before a drugstore two doors away laughed and walked down the street.

 A1) True or false.

Rewrite the statements and state whether they are true or false.

1. Soapy expected that police should catch him.
2. Soapy dashed the glass of the shop window to take revenge.
3. The waiter handed over Soapy to the police.
4. The restaurant where Soapy ate was not a rich restaurant. 

 A2) Describe the restaurant  where Soapy ate meal.

A3) The police refused to accept Soapy as a culprit of dashing the glass window. Give its reason.

A4) Personal response

Give any funny event of your life in 50 words.

A5) Do as directed.

a) “Don’t  you  think  that  I  might  have  had  something to do with it?” said Soapy.

        (Change into indirect speech)

b) Soapy took a stone.    (Rewrite the sentence starting with "A stone...")

A6) Choose and write the words related to the restaurant from the extract.

Q.2)  Read the extract and complete the activities given below.                                    10 M

                             My father travels on the late evening train

Standing among silent commuters in the yellow light Suburbs slide past his unseeing eyes

His shirt and pants are soggy and his black raincoat Stained with mud and his bag stuffed with books

Is falling apart. His eyes dimmed by age

Fade homeward through the humid monsoon night. Now I can see him getting off the train

Like a word dropped from a long sentence.

He hurries across the length of the grey platform, Crosses the railway line, enters the lane,

His chappals are sticky with mud, but he hurries onward.

    A1) Choose the correct statement from the following and write them.

        1. The father travels by late evening train.

        2. The father is not an old person.

        3. The clothes of the father are very wet and unpleasent during the journey.

        4.The father crosses the railway line to come home.

    A2) The season described in the extract is rainy season. give the proof from the extract.

    A3) Describe any four problems of train journey that a common man faces in general                     bogie.

    A4) Write the example with explanation of the following figures of speech from the                     extract.

        1. Alliteration

        2. Simile

     A5) Compose a short poem in about four lines on your father.

Q.3) Write an appreciation of the following poem with the help of given points.        4 M

    a) About the poet, poem and title. b) Theme of the poem c) Language and style

    d) Poetic devices  e) Special features f) message  g) Your opinion about the poem. 

                                            Weavers, weaving at break of day,

Why do you weave a garment so gay?......

Blue as the wing of a halcyon wild,

 We weave the robes of a new-born child.

 

Weavers, weaving at fall of night,

Why do you weave a garment so bright?........

Like the plumes of a peacock, purple and green,

We weave the marriage-veils of a queen.

 

Weavers, weaving solemn and still,

What do you weave in the moonlight chill……

White as a feather and white as a cloud,

We weave a dead man’s funeral shroud.

  Q. 4) Develop a mind mapping design to show the 'Information about water' with the help of                             following points

        a) sources  b) uses  c) states d) add your own points                                                    4 M